PNEUMATIC RIVETER FORCE VARIATION 101
<<<<<CAUTION: Reading this post may cause death by extreme boredom! Read at your own risk!>>>>>
The below LONG dissertation is everything you probably never wanted to know about why a pneumatic rivet squeezer force varies.
Here is a link to an exploded view of a standard pneumatic riveter, courtesy of planetools.com:
http://store-planetools.com/compressionrivetsqueezerparts.aspx
For those that stayed awake during my last post (zzzzz..... and I gotta applaud you for your pain threshold), you will note that item 41 in this exploded view is a semi-bullet shaped wedge. It is not a straight taper, like a wedge you might use for a door jamb, but rather, it has a blunt end and then a very slight grade after that. This wedge is directly connected to the previously mentioned piston #36 (of about 2" in diameter).
By the way, for squeezing larger diameter rivets, or harder materials like stainless, why do they make tandem riveters with more force, rather than just making a larger piston/cylinder arrangement to generate more force? I mean a 3.5" diameter piston would equate to two 2" pistons, area wise, so why add more parts/complication? The reason is that unless you can readily palm a basketball, a 2.5" diameter cylinder is about as much as a normal adult can hold onto for hours on end. My hydraulic cylinder in my standard C-squeezer is only 1.5" in diameter, and it is MUCH easier to hold onto a small diameter than a larger one (think bicycle grips).
Anyway...back to the saga of the force variation...you'll note in the exploded view that when you line up all the parts, wedge #41 acts on the roller bearing of the lever bearing assy #216. The wedge forces the lever (I previously called it a cam - whatever) to articulate, and this in turn pushes out the compression pin #67 I've been referring to, which may or may not have a threaded half to make adjustments to the final position.
So....the wedge, being anything but a straight taper, develops its MAXIMUM force at the very end of the piston stroke. Alligator squeezers use a similar approach, they just have jaws instead of a compression pin, and reference their maximum force at about the FINAL 1/8" OF STROKE. Again, C-yoke squeezers are designed to develop their maximum force at the very end of the stroke. You can dial an adjustable threaded pin back to MAINTAIN THE INTERFACE RELATIONSHIP with the bearing of the lever assembly, but depending on the length of the dies you install, at some point YOU RUN OUT OF ADJUSTMENT and you start affecting the output force.
I rest my case about the variation of force for standard pneumatic squeezers (if anyone is left out there that cares). I think the existing manufacturers are only too happy if you don't understand this. Of course, what alternative did you have anyway, until now.
And why have I been going into such detail to explain all this? Sure, to sell my units. But I don't expect I'm going to put the Chicago Pneumatics, USATCO, Sioux, et al out of business anytime soon, as these are established tool makers, and most people will never end up reading this thread. Many people/businesses will happily plunk down a grand plus for what's been available for 30 years or more (and if you think my units are expensive, feel free to buy a new squeezer only unit from an established commercial aircraft tool suplier - cha ching). I've spent time here to educate you (the lone reader left awake) to make an educated decision if you are in the market to purchase a rivet forming device. When I bought my squeezer back in 2006,
I also had no clue about what is going on inside one of the pneumatic squeezers. It was only after I thought about it awhile and decided it should be possible to make a unit which was smaller, lighter, more versatile, and had CONSTANT FORCE. I set out to design such a system (I have made specialized fluid fill tooling for auto companies, which gave me the background), and this is it.
This concludes the course. zzzzzz.........
If you have read all this, in all seriousness I appreciate you taking the time. You now know what 98% of the people who own a squeezer don't know. Take one apart if you really want to understand it. Or then again just finish your airplane like I need to do.