I do not know, but assume they are a carbon steel alloy that would resemble the elemental makeup of a common Grade 5 bolt.
 
I am doing research into cylinder studs because I am having to replace a couple. In researching which studs are right for my engine, I began to wonder about what they were made of, and I didn't see that in any documentation I found.
 
If you really want to know you will have to burrow down in the certification documentation. It has everything there. I would be surprised if the spec is near a grade 5 though. just due to the required infinite fatigue life. Engine structural fasteners can evolve to be quite unique depending on failure history. Particularly, main, head, connecting rod etc.