Hard Anodising or Chromic anodising is mostly used for a more robust corrosion prevention unfortunately it cant be coloured (dyed) it's a light grey colour following the anodising process.
Sulphuric anodising is mainly used for decorative coatings it can be coloured by dipping the anodised part in a dye, from memory you can choose from Red, Blue and yellow and Grey.
To answer your question, Anodising has a minimal effect of strength, the layer of anodised coating isn't very thick, less than .001" for Sulphuric Anodising and between .001-.002" for Chromic (Hard) Anodising.
Hope that helps,