IF I understood correctly, you were proposing to keep the King CDI as a backup for use with the Garmin 430? That may or may not work, you need to ask an avionics guy. The vor decoding is done differently from one company to the next. so it might work, or it might not work. I suspect the answer is that it won't work, which is why Garmin gets away with charging $2K for its compatible CDI.
Instead of a new 430 and "a com of some kind", why not consider keeping the KX-155 and replacing the G300 with a G420? Then you know the CDI will work with the KX-155, the 420 has a built in cdi for the gps for backup, you still have some kind of nav if the 420 quits (as opposed to everything in the 430), it's cheaper, ..... The objection may be whatever new EFIS you buy. The KX-155 may or may not interface with it, ask the EFIS manufacturer.