Acoustic Adventures
Jeff's recommended strategy is essentially correct. Stopping the intrusion of the external noise sources into the cockpit is a job for "barrier" materials. The ultimate material would be lead
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and we know how well that works for airplanes. That's why acousticians opine that "there's no substitute for mass."
Besides absorption (the foam wedges, for example) and barriers, the 3rd strategy used is damping. This is a material, usually somewhat flexible, that's applied directly to the structure to minimize structure-borne vibrations. Think "oil-canning."
Back in the mid-1970's (this is why my handle here begins with "Oldie") I worked at Walker Mfg, an automotive exhaust system supplier. We had an anechoic chamber, and one day the PR crew wanted a photo of our Chief Engineer in the Chamber with a lab coat on, for use in the company's Annual Report. The bright young PR types asked lots of questions and duly noted our answers, including 1 response about "dead quiet" inside the Chamber feeling a little uncomfortable. The following year the pic appeared, and the caption read something like "Walker's Anechoic Chamber, where men find it difficult to work."
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I always tried to live up to the well-chosen words of the PR Department!
In my Student Pilot days, long before I worked at Walker, I used to practice my Turns About a Point around Walker's water tower in Ray Maule's rental Maule M4 Jetasen. I had no idea that people were on the ground trying to measure car exhaust noise while some annoying airplane was buzzing about. I never owned up to my former aerial trespassing while working there. It's a relief to finally get this off my chest.
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