I bet a nickel it's mic gain
I had a similar-sounding problem with my brand new Icom radio and RV-6A. Everything worked on the ground, but when I keyed the mic in flight, the feedback almost blew my ears off.
Pull the radio out, peel back the foil covering the access hole in the top panel for mic gain. From the factory, mine was set about the middle. I turned it down to about 20-25% (1/4 of clockwise travel) before I had good feedback to my ears as well as easy voice activation of triggering the mic.
If you remove your headphones in cruise flight, you'll see what a noisy environment the RV cockpit is. Decrease sensitivity of the mic and I bet your problem goes away. The other good news, it is the simplest thing to try. I tried about 6 other things to no avail before I found this. I hope it works for you.
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