I've seen serial numbers with letters and dashes at least.
Although the quote below from
AC No: 45-2E "Identification and Registration Marking" is for identification plate requirements for aircraft built from spare or surplus parts, I think it would be the same for other experimental airplanes.
"6.4.2 You may assign any serial number if it is clear that the manufacturer who builds the same model of aircraft did not assign an identical number. You should add a letter prefix or suffix, such as your name or initials, to the serial number to provide positive identification."
Here is one with a dash (Piper, with the model number as a prefix):
https://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinq...umberTxt=223ab
And one with a letter (Cessna, with the model number as a prefix):
https://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinq...umberTxt=523ab