Good Grief!
Don't get me started!
For relevant science in the technical literature, see the following:
Stratford pressure recovery
Active flow control
Coanda jet
Goldschmied propulsion
Summary: In the absence of any active flow control to prevent separation, the Stratford criterion describes the steepest (most abrupt) closure on the aft portion of an airfoil (or by conceptual extension, any body) that can be achieved without flow separation. Shapes that approach the limit defined by this criterion achieve a large degree of pressure recovery. The steepness of the closure that can be achieved is dependent on the Reynolds number of the flow, with higher Reynolds number flows tolerant of more aggressive or abrupt closure. Also newly formed turbulent boundary layers, with laminar transition occurring just upstream of the beginning of the recovery region, are capable of more aggressive closure without separation.
Goldschmied propulsion is one scheme of achieving greater pressure recovery by active flow control. Generally either jet blowing near the onset of the steep closure region (a Coanda jet) or suction over the actual closure region can be used to maintain attached flow where it would otherwise separate. Goldschmied used the accelerating flow on the intake side of a ducted fan to provide the favorable conditions to prevent separation, and at the same time, allowed the ducted fan to operate without the normal intake momentum loss (usually called ram drag). The result has the potential for low fuselage drag and high propulsion efficiency. Real-world applications are fraught with difficulty.
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Steve Smith
Aeronautical Engineer
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