Compression and an unapologetic sales pitch for engine monitors
RocketBob said
"I have never seen a shred of empirical evidence that shows a Lycoming can't be operated with a higher compression ratio and lower octane fuel."
True enough, but it can be complicated and there are safety implications to the fuel we choose to run. These Lycoming engines years ago were going in the spam cans with very little engine instrumentation. If you were a lucky enough pilot to have instrumentation, you probably knew what 1 of the 4 or 6 cylinders were doing. Lacking information, the detonation safety net was the high octane fuel. Thanks to the instrumentation folks, we have engine computers available that let us know what each cylinder is doing. That multi-probe monitor without too much work, should be able to keep us out of dangerous detonation, and help us as operators decide on what makes sense as a fuel. Somewhere I read significant detonation makes itself clearly known with CHT's going up 2 degrees a second or more. (help, reference) I suppose it would be nice to have a "rate of change" alarm for just that situation, but with a CHT high alarm set for say 380, still should give you time to adjust operations to interrupt runaway detonation.
No multi-probe monitor, 100LL, and high compression, you still have some margin for error. All the same, think I'd feel just as safe, maybe safer with mogas in the tank, high compression, plus the engine monitor. Something as simple as a intake vacuum leak or a plugged injector can put one cylinder 50 ROP on climb out, when the others cylinders are nice and cool at 250 ROP. That is a good recipe for an overheated cylinder, runaway detonation, scouring of the protective boundary layer, more heat transfer, more detonation, a very, very, bad feedback loop. if you run that way long enough, that hot cylinder will destroy a piston, whether you've got MOGAS or 100LL. Rather, a better situation, you've got the monitor set up and you are paying attention, that scenario doesn't play out to engine self destruction. (Thank John D. for your great Pelican Perch description of detonation).
In addition to avoiding engine loss, the monitor will give you feedback on fuel quality. Once you know your engine doesn't have chronic high CHT's or runaway CHT's on say 92 octane, an operator may as well try lower, though to me if running a high compression lycoming, the small price advantage of 87 octane wouldn't be that attractive, I'd rather rather pay for a bit more octane.
IO375? Ok, my wish list just got longer.