A regulator takes an incoming voltage and produces a stable output voltage, the difference between those two voltages is the heat produced.
The current produced by the alternator is based on load, it will only supply a load based on the demand. It doesn’t just produce 40 amps at all times.
The PCM controlled alternator on cars is so that when cruising in a high gear and low rpm the alternator is able to produce sufficient current to match the load and you don’t get a parasitic draw on the battery.
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Linear Mode
